United Way Company

Motivation is the impetus of the efforts by the employees of any firm who desires to achieve their goals and objectives. A motivated workforce is what keeps an organization going even in hard economic times. On the other hand, a workforce that is not motivated will succumb to extraneous factors such as a severe economic recession.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on United Way Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is the responsibility of the management in any organization to keep its employees motivated in a bid to evade the unpleasant consequences that come with a demotivated staff. Several theories have been suggested to explain the concept of motivation. This essay will discuss the motivational theory that best describes United Way’s use of training. A keen observation would reveal that United Way Company uses Clayton Alderfer’s ERG theory in its use of training. This theory posits that m otivation solely relies on three main aspects. These aspects are Existence, Relatedness and Growth. The theory is an improvement of Abraham Maslow’s Need Hierarchy theory. In this theory, Alderfer tries to find an explanation for the different levels of human needs. The three elements of the ERG theory each have a role to play in the satisfaction of an individual’s needs. One notable thing in this theory is that the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of one element directly affects the other. According to Alderfer, growth is the internal desire that an employee develops for personal development. United Way capitalizes on this factor of the ERG theory in order to motivate its employees. This comes from the company’s realization that each single employee has an intrinsic desire for personal and professional growth. The most effective way of attaining this goal is to formulate a special training program that builds on the employees’ knowledge and skills hence b oosting the company’s performance. The United Way’s extraordinary training strategy is effectively structured to meet the employees’ motivational needs. For instance, by providing the employees with a chance to suggest on the training sections that are most effective and those that are not, they get a feeling of importance and are hence motivated. The volunteers in the organization also get the same feeling and devote more dedication to their service in the company. The end result will be a motivated work force that has realized the need for personal development as well as the development of the United Way Company.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The personal development of the employees is also achieved when they get a chance to meet with senior managers of the organization. They are motivated because they get a chance to interact with them and lea rn the skills that will take them to such levels. This is especially important for those workers who have just begun their career and have big professional goals to achieve. It is also important for the general company which will stand to benefit from the motivated efforts of the workers. In addition, the need for personal development and growth works in favor of the United Way Company. This is because while in pursuit of this growth, employees are unlikely o heed to the extrinsic factors which may be a source of distraction. Such factors may include low income levels and uncomfortable working conditions. This motivation that is derived from the organization’s training will go a long way in improving its operation. In conclusion, it is evident from the above explanation that Alderfer’s ERG theory best describes United Way’s use of training as a tool to motivate its workers. The training program offered by the company contributes to the personal and professional growth of the workers leading to their increased efficiency. This case study on United Way Company was written and submitted by user SpackerDave to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Incomplete Contracts Essays

Incomplete Contracts Essays Incomplete Contracts Essay Incomplete Contracts Essay Milgrom and Roberts highlight at the end of the paper possible directions that study into the economic theory of the firm should take: A. Incomplete Contracts: relational contracts are only one way of replacing traditional formal long hand contracts. Another possibility is frequent short-term contracts that constantly change as conditions dictate. These short-term complete contracts can cover a surprisingly large array of conditions and therefore the cost of such contacts not the limitations of the contracts that are the associated market cost. However, the costs associated with the constant updating of such contracts can be greater than one long-term contract. In addition, they may not hold if monetary incentives are of limited effectiveness or asymmetric information at the time of renegotiation prevents the smooth negotiation of an efficient agreement. Milgrom and Roberts propose further investigation into short-term contracting and its limitations. B. Bargaining Theory: recent attempts have been made to understand the inefficiencies of bargaining resulting from asymmetric information. However, this has been limited to trying to develop appropriate equilibrium concepts and proving existence. Suggestions are made that future study should focus on an understanding of the relative efficiencies of bargaining in different contexts. C. Reputations: As discussed earlier firms will attempt alleviate opportunism by way of reputation. They may forgo reputation with one customer to necessitate better future transactions in the future. A focus of future study could be how reputations are formed, used, and lost. D. Influence Activities and Rent Seeking: Popular economic theory shows that government intervention in an economy causes inefficiencies. This has been extended to analyse the diseconomies resulting from centralisation of authority in firms. This seems to warrant a branch into two directions. Firstly, to further analyse the theory of influence in the firm. Secondly, to further investigate rent seeking in markets, courtrooms and boardrooms. E. Ownership, Residual Returns or Residual Rights: Further study is warranted on the issue of organisational ownership. Refining the definitions of what ownership means and whether that meaning is situation dependant could answer many questions from corporate take-overs to employment practices. F. Adapting to Uncertainty: Galbraith (1977) formulated ideas relating to organisational design. He posited that an organisations design related to the allowance of adapting to uncertainty in its environment. They can adapt by processing more information (vertical and lateral communication systems) or by reducing the need to process information (environmental management, creation of slack resources and creation of self contained resources). This framework opens up the possibility of looking into price theoretic changes in organisational form and showing the optimal mix of the above adaptations. G. Planning and Budgeting: Iterative planning, more specifically relating to the nature of communication needed in the price system economisation in the planning and control processes. Considering the massive resource allocation in planning and budgeting in many firms, it seems that this area requires further investigation. Question 2 C Describes the theories of corporate culture presented in Hermalin (1999). Hermalin in his article on theories of corporate culture critically analyses the work of four other economists on the subject of culture in firms. He attempts to show how culture can be incorporated into economic theory and aid existing theory in explaining firms capabilities and performance. The four economists that he analyses are Kreps, Cremer, Hodgson and Lazear. Often economists dismiss culture when analysing firms or industries but Hermalin believes it is something that is worthy of study and something that can aid existing economic theory and empirical evidence. KREPS (1990) Kreps believes that fundamental understanding of corporate culture is necessary for understanding how firms implement strategy. He also believes that economists are now suitably armed to study culture and presents the reader with the outline of theory thus far. The first analysis is on Kreps model first introduced in 1990. In his model, Kreps presents many examples and theories surrounding organizational behaviour. Kreps believes there are a few main ingredients that are built into corporate culture. The first is Formal Contracts. Kreps shows that formal contracts can be too costly and in many cases given all the different contingencies are unfeasible. The second is the fact that firms are repeat players. Formal contracts are one way to induce play between two players that would otherwise not engage and the other is repeat play. Any deviation from fair play in one period can be punished by non-cooperation in the next period. A necessary condition of this is one of the players being able to play in multiple periods. Companies and their bosses are by necessity are multiple period players and therefore repeat play is a way of non-formalization by contracts. Hermalin recognizes that these factors including formal contracts and repeated play go a long way to describe, predict and analyse the behaviour of firms and their respective employees both junior and senior. However, more importantly, he manages to identify two factors that actually introduce culture into the equation. These are Multiple Equilibriums and Unforeseen Contingencies. Multiple equilibriums is simply recognition that repeated games have many stable outcomes and some co-ordination of players choices is needed as to which equilibrium prevails. Kreps presents a two player two possibility game where a junior and senior of a particular firm are involved and analyses how corporate culture can affect each players decision-making and therefore possible outcomes. He first looks at the cultural norm of juniors deferring to seniors. If no such culture exists, it would be impossible for us or the players involved to predict the decisions or outcomes in such a game and therefore the culture reduces the risk of the potentially disastrous situation. Culture increases the predictability of the players actions. Hermalin highlights that contracts can be used to formalise decisions but as these can ultimately be more costly than culture, and in many ways could be unverifiable, they are in fact mostly unfeasible. Multiple equilibriums can therefore provide a role for cultural norms to replace the need for formal contracting. Unforeseeable contingencies are then brought into play. Again, these are, in the majority uncontractable and the writing and rewriting of these contracts will be too costly. Nevertheless, a culture of juniors deferring to seniors could possibly rule out the disastrous consequences of either no culture or hostile play. It must be noted that culture can go some way to eliminate these unfavourable consequences of unforeseen contingencies it by no means guarantees the optimal equilibrium. Kreps shows that these unforeseen contingencies add some flavour to the debate surrounding culture and hints that multiple equilibriums are the only prerequisite for the appearance of an influential culture. Hermalin goes on to discuss cultural difference in companies from differing countries in the same industry. He uses the example from Okuno-Fujiwara (1994) and Morita (1998). This shows that American firms and Japanese firms in the same industry faced with the same multiple equilibriums may choose different outcomes dependant on their different culture. This is an example of national culture but it is something that will definitely have an affect on corporate culture. This raises the large issue of actually where corporate culture comes from. Do firms rely on incorporation of national culture or do they foster their own? Creating this culture is costly and it can be seen that firms often rely on prevailing national cultures, which seem, on the surface, to be very weak, in fact have large consequences for the behavioral decisions of its employees. Hermalin then talks about Kreps work in terms of unforeseen contingencies unrelated to multiple equilibriums that he sees as the basis of his work. He summarizes Kreps work by stating that repeated play in a game could be a substitute for contracting. Repeated play is a less costly way of introducing cooperative behavior and is in fact not a perfect substitute but in most cases infinitely more desirable. This is unrelated to culture however, culture is related to the actions or decisions that employees make in these repeated games. Simply if analyzing as Kreps does what constitutes fair treatment or exploitation by managers/bosses then culture will be the benchmark by which that is calculated or measured. It also goes further to measure or show what constitutes cooperative play in Kreps game and the future rewards/future cooperation associated with this as well as non-cooperative play and the associated punishments/ withholding of future cooperation. Therefore culture ultimately rules out all unforeseen contingencies ex ante or substitutes for them. So Kreps essentially has two theories relating to culture. Firstly that culture ensures coordination in repeated games. The actual outcome is essentially irrelevant it is just that there is coordination as the cultural environment that the players are in dictates this. Secondly that it substitutes for unforeseen contingencies ex ante as analysis and contaractualising these would prove too costly and ultimately unfeasible.

Chapter analysist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chapter analysist - Essay Example Chapter 13 Stealing Buddha’s dinner The author in this case goes back to her involvement in food culture by learning cooking skills from her grandmother. She adopted these specific Vietnamese values that adopt her culture. Since her grandmother was a Buddhist, she had ample knowledge on the Vietnamese cultures. Bich combines this Buddhist culture with her Vietnamese heritage to prepare food. This is where Buddha’s dinner is stolen. She literally steals the dinner through learning how to cook Vietnamese food (Nguyen 200). She then shares her ideas with other members of her society from different cultures. This leads to integration of cultures and an exchange of ideas. At this moment, she values the Vietnamese culture. Through her interest in cultural cultures, she has tried to express her feelings to other members of the society by creating a network. This network’s aim is to integrate the two cultures that she has experienced. This ranges from the ingredients to the ways of cooking. Since she valued the Vietnamese culture, most of the foods offered had their roots from Vietnam. Since she was in a foreign country, she was able to have influence on most of the Americans who wanted to change their food culture (Nguyen 150). After the writer who is the main character in the book adapts most of the American lifestyles, she is able to blend in with the new culture. However, after a long stay in the United States, her father does not embrace Vietnamese culture. On the other hand, her mother was too busy to offer her basic social education. This made the family have different ideologies leading to the need for socialization with other immigrants. Vietnamese food culture and values a have been employed where she gets involved with her grandmother who has great Vietnamese. She seems to support the American culture at first since she loves the type of foods offered in the country. Additionally, she has learned them from her friends and most TV commerc ials which provided news on how to prepare new foods (Nguyen 200). The author, Bich has had different experiences with the type of food offered. The experiences include those from the Vietnamese and American food cultures. The author tries to focus on most of the household readers who have incorporated and experienced these cultures in the society. The types of foods distinguish the various types of cultures that the author adopted. In this case, the Bich adopts cooking ingredients which have Vietnamese roots. After her immigration, she has been able to adapt to the new cultures in the country. Religion has also been represented in this chapter where the author’s grandmother was a Buddhist. Her father remarries and American wife who is a catholic. The society surrounding the writer is of the Christian religion. She finds a lot of pressure from her neighbors who confront her to join Christianity (Nguyen 10). In this chapter, she found the American culture exciting and preferre d it to her Vietnamese culture. Different religious values also differentiate the two cultures. The type of food consumed by Vietnamese is different from that of the Americans. For example, there are various cooking ingredients such as meat that cannot be consumed by the Buddhist society which is mostly found in Vietnam. The chapter continues to bring about the culture of food. There is an individualistic approach on the western culture after Bich had settled in the United States with some of her family members. Back in Vietnam, there was a collective

Strategic Approach for Information Systems Essay

Strategic Approach for Information Systems - Essay Example They are not only faster, but also much more accurate. Thus, large corporations process their financial accounts and supervise resources using information systems as human mind is prone to err. Not only do governments provide welfare and basic civic services using these systems, but individuals also utilize these facilities for everyday activities such as shopping, banking, investing and studying. (Robson, 2003) As days pass and technology progresses, innovative and enhanced information systems are coming into existence. Not every person working in a business requires the same information systems; the type depends on their requirements. Top management focuses on business development and planning, while people working on the middle management level require intricate details about the production and etc. to supervise and control business activities. Based on different requirements, there are six basic types of information systems: Transaction Processing System (TPS) - This keeps track and stores all the critical transactions that take place everyday in a business. This is mainly used by the middle management that takes care of the day to day activities of the business. Management Information System (MIS) - This formulates a report that represents all the information recorded by the TPS. This again is of great help to supervisors who can also use this as a way to present the information to seniors. Office Automation System (OAS) - This system basically helps the employees to become more proficient and productive by providing them with facilities to process information, calculate and create documents more accurately. Microsoft Office is a good example of an OAS. Executive information system (EIS) - It readily provides the senior management with vital internal and external information regarding the business in an interactive manner. Knowledge Management System (KMS) - This system assists the sharing of information among employees in an organized manner. Knowledge, the important ideas that have been extracted from the information, is communicated through this system/network. (Pearlson and Saunders, 2005) Advantages of using Information Systems The usage of information systems has many advantages to it. Firstly, it makes all the work painless as all the complicated calculations has to be done by the computer. Also, financial accounts become perfectly balance as errors are caught in a second on computers. Storage becomes simple as the memory of the computer is too deep and can be extended to whatever size we want. Secondly, paper work in finished off and there is no need for organizations to stock up uncountable files. Information systems are not only proficient at handling the information but also help in decision making. Assessment becomes quicker as the exact scenario is portrayed in front of us in forms of reports. Information systems also provide us with analytical tools that help us in judging a situation more clearly. Thirdly, information systems encourage decentralization of authority - it measures performance at all levels and help us in amending organizational plans and procedures. Most

Human Resources Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resources Management - Case Study Example This outlet has more permanent employees and less of casual workers and this requires at least 80 workers to be laid off. This raises significant questions about the manner in which redundancy should be handled by the human resource department in Wordsmiths. There are certain legal issues that she has to consider before making a strategic plan on redundancy. ... had been charged with making workers redundant by discrimination on the basis of age.3 HRIMS and workforce data HRIS helps in storing and reviewing data with respect to effectively manage the workforce. Prior to configuring the HRIMS, Gemma should strive to understand the requirements, opinions and concerns of the workforce.4 The HRIS system should be configured to have maximum possible information about the workforce. Some critical information which Gemma needs to configure would be the information about the workforce in Mainly Books including payroll (payroll accounting and time reporting), managing workforce (commencement, termination and exits of employees), system integration and maintenance (managing software updates and system regulations, managing the interfaces of the system).5 The workforce data can include a plethora of information about the employees in Mainly Books. The information on employees has to start from simple aspects like employee name, address, family details, qualifications, attributes, joining date to highly complex aspects which helps in easing decision making. Such complex aspects may include restructuring, training, internal promotions, on-boarding, performance management, external hiring (in this case for payroll), outsourcing details, succession planning, talent analytics and workforce planning, leadership development, career development and employee retention and engagement . One of the main challenges faced by Gemma is that the company acquired did not maintain any information on human resources. Hence, she will have to speak to the store managers for getting data with respect to payroll. Most of the employee personal data will be found from the store managers. After careful discussion with store managers certain training gaps need to

Theories of Leadership and Motivation

Theories of Leadership and Motivation Introduction: Leadership is the character which every organisation wants to see in their staff and the person who is self motivated and who can motivate the team members become a good manager. Leadership is nothing but inspiring the team leader is the one who does it, inspiration is nothing but motivation. So leadership and motivation is a chemistry which can take any difficult task to success. The leadership and motivation chemistry is mostly helpful in management sector whether it is in business or in the team; every individual posses leadership but the one who practices on the go become a perfect leader. The main aspect a leader consists is a vision for the certain purpose. When a task or project is taken over by a company the company searches for a leader who posses knowledge on the project and vision how to develop the project, make use of colleagues and give the organisation a profit on it. A leader tends to influence the task to be continued and change to be taken place to make the organisation profitable. There are several theories on leadership by great leaders some of them say that leadership is an action not position or person. These theories help to prepare a perfect leader, all these theories are proposed and practiced by great leaders and managers but latest management considers a leader who follows his role. Leadership theories: Considering leadership reveals school of thought giving different leadership theories such as Great Man theory, trait theory, behaviourist theory, situational leadership theory, contingency theory, transactional theory and transformational theory. Great man theory is the one proposed before twentieth century where it says that leaders are born with the talent and leader should be a man this lead to the next theory trait theory. Trait theory: The trait theory rose from the concepts of the Great Man approach. This theory leads to identify the important characteristics of a successful leader. The people who got the characters as defined by the traits approach are isolated or shortlisted and those are recruited as leaders. This type of approach was mostly implemented in military and still used in some of the area. According to the trait theory the person who got the following skills is said to be a trait. Ambitious and success oriented Adaptable to all kinds of situations Co operative to all the members in the organization Highly active or energetic Dominative Good decision making ability Self-confident Adaptable to stress conditions and Dependable. These are the characters which make a person trait and they should posses some skills which are Skills Intelligent Skilled conceptually Creative Fluent in speaking Tactful Self motivated and self belief Skilled socially When these kinds of skills and characters are identified in the person, the person is recruited in the team. Behavioural theory: The trait study doesnt give any conclusive results and it was hard to measure some more critical issues such as honesty, integrity and loyalty. This leaded the attention to be diverted on to the behaviour theories. The behaviour theory focuses on human relationship and success performance as well. According to behavioural theory the manager believes that the working environment should be like an entertainment place where the expenditure of mental and physical efforts is treated to be play and rest. The idea of manager is an average person not only learns to accept but also seek responsibility. The people will automatically learn to exercise self-control and self direction to achieve the goal or target. The organizational problems can become imaginative and creative. Contingency theory model: This theory illustrates that there are many ways for the manager to lead the team to get best outcome. According to the situation the manager can find a best way to get the best outcome. Fiedler worked on contingency theory according to that he looked for three situations which define the condition of a managerial task. Leader and team member relationship Work structure or project structure Position and power The manager should maintain relation with their team members to get along and create confidence and make them feel free to think about the task and give their ideas to help the task to be finished. Project structure is the job highly structured or unstructured or in between. The power shows how much authority a manager does posses. This theory rates the manager whether the manger is relationship oriented or task oriented. The task oriented managers gets success in such situations where there is good leader and team member relationship and structured projects or tasks doesnt matter whether the position power is weak or strong. And get success when the project is unstructured and does have any sort of good vision by having a strong power and position. The variables which affect the task such as environmental variables are combined in a heavy some and differentiated as favourable and unfavourable situations. The task oriented management style depends on the favourable and unfavourable environment variables but the relationship management style stays in the middle by managing or changing the variables to accumulate with their style. Both styles of managements got their sides to be good when all the performance and team work well in the tasks. There is no good or bad management in these two managements. Task motivated management style leaders do best when the team performs well and they are good in achieving good sales record and performance better than their competitor where as the relationship oriented leaders are helpful to gain positive customer service and build a positive image to the organisation. Transactional and transformational leadership: Transformational leadership is a relationship of mutual simulation and elevation that converts the followers in to leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents Transformational leadership is communicating with the leaders and the team members to take them to higher level something like a leader can become a moral agent and the follower can become a leader. Transactional leadership technique builds the person to finish the certain task such as job done for the time being. Some of the differences between transactional and transformational leadership are Transactional style of leadership builds a man to complete a certain task where as transformational styles builds a member to become a leader. This focuses on task completion and tactical style of management where as transformational leadership focus on strategies and missions. These are some theories of the leadership which shows how a leader act on different situations and how different leaders behave to get success in the organization. Motivation in Management: Theories of motivation: The theories of motivation can be divided into 3 broad categories. Reinforcement theories emphasize the means through which the process of controlling an individuals behavior by manipulating its consequences takes place . Content theories focus primarily on individual needs the physiological or psychological deficiencies that we feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate. Process theories focus on the thought or cognitive processes that take place within the minds of people and that control their behavior. Early Theories of Motivation: Hierarchy of Needs Theory Theory X and Theory Y Motivation-Hygiene Theory Contemporary Theories of Motivation: ERG Theory McClellands Theory of Needs Cognitive Evaluation Theory Task Characteristics Theories Goal-Setting Theory Equity Theory Hierarchy of Needs Theory: Abraham Maslow hypothesized that within every human being there exists a hierarchy of five needs: Physiological. Safety. Social. Esteem. Self-actualization. Maslow then categorized these 5 needs into lower-order needs and higher-order needs.Lower-order needs are needs that are satisfied externally: physiological and safety needs.Higher-order needs are needs that are satisfied internally (within the person): social, esteem, and self-actualization needs. Theory X and Theory Y of Douglas McGrogor: McGregor concluded that a managers vision of the nature of human beings is based on a certain blend of assumptions and that he or she tends to mold his or her actions toward subordinates according to these assumptions: Employees naturally dislike work and, whenever possible, will attempt to avoid it Since employees dislike work, they must be coerced, controlled, or threatened with punishment to achieve goals Employees will avoid responsibilities and seek formal direction whenever possible Motivation-hygiene Theory: According to Herzberg, the factors leading to job satisfaction are dividing and distinct from those that leads to job dissatisfaction. Hygiene factors include factors such as: company policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relations, working conditions, and salary. Motivator factors include factors such as: attainment, recognition, the work itself, responsibility and growth. Hygiene Factors Company rule and management; Supervision; association with supervisor; Work circumstances; Salary; Relationship with peers; Personal life; association with subordinates; Status; Safety Motivator Factors: attainment credit; Work itself; Responsibility; progression; Growth Contemporary Theories of Motivation: ERG Theory: ERG Theory proposed by Clayton Alderfer of Yale University: Alderfer fights that there are three groups of core needs: Existence Relatedness Growth Existence group is worried with providing our basic material existence requirements. Relatedness group is the desire we have for maintaining important interpersonal relationships McClellands Theory of Needs: McClellands theory of needs focuses on three needs: Achievement Power Affiliation Cognitive Evaluation Theory: Allocating extrinsic rewards for behaviour that had been previously intrinsically rewarded tends to decrease the overall level of motivation. (This concept was proposed in the late 1960s.)The interdependence of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards is a real phenomenon Task Characteristics Theories: These theories seek to identify task characteristics of jobs, how these characteristics are combined to form different jobs, and their relationship to employee motivation, satisfaction, and performance. Goal-setting theory: Specific and difficult goals lead to higher performance. Feedback leads to higher performance than non-feedback. In addition to feedback, 2 other factors have been found to influence the goals-performance relationship. These are: Goal commitment. Sufficient self-efficacy. Equity Theory: Individuals make comparisons of their job inputs and outcomes relatives to those of others and then act in response so as to remove any inequities. Stacy Adams proposed that this negative tension state provides the motivation to do something to correct it. There are 4 referent comparisons that employee can use: Self-inside. Self-outside. Other inside. Other outside. Conclusion The change in the leadership theories time by time says that the leader should posses certain characters which lead the organisational success whether to believe in maintaining a relationship or to go on tactically the manager or the leader should act to the situation and get success at the end. Depending on the companies motive the leader should react or behave with the team members to achieve the target. Usually maintaining a good relation helps to make the team members life easy and manage the work happily. The team members become more innovative and achieve targets easily where as with tactical style leadership may create some sort of pressure on the team members, there is no guarantee that in every situation relational ship management is successful. the leader should adapt himself for the situation and act according to a particular situation. We have discussed above only a collection of the motivation theories and thoughts of the various proponents of management .In some of the theories and opinion presented, however, one can observe some glimpses of the person and how, perhaps, he or she could be motivated. This is satisfying in itself. But, as noted earlier, practice has been in advance of theory in this field, so let us now move to the realistic side of management of human behaviour and motivation in the workplace.

Nuclear Power Essay -- Energy

Nuclear power is a technology that has enormous benefits for humankind. As the demand for energy is only continuing to grow, it has become important to develop energy technology that has good yield and minimal negative side effects. After the harnessing of the atom for use in nuclear weapons, the knowledge of how to exploit the atom became incorporated in nuclear power plants (Corradini 1). These use uranium fuel in a process that releases tremendous amounts of energy to be captured, but also that creates minimal waste and other byproducts. Despite these, the benefits of nuclear energy outweigh any disadvantages, as seen by its high energy output, reliability, and minimal environmental impact when compared to energy sources such as fossil fuels. Due in large part to its high energy output, nuclear power is a feasible and practical technology for meeting the world’s energy needs. For example, global energy demand has been continually increasing, with a 66% growth between 1980 and 2007; this demand is expected to increase by 40% by 2030 (World-Nuclear.org). As a testament to nuclear power’s utility as an energy source, it currently provides a large amount of global electricity: nuclear power met 20% of the global demand of electricity as of 2008 (Abu-Khader). This power generation is spread across 30 countries and is a result of 436 nuclear power plants (Adamantiades). The 20% figure also represents the United States’ dependence on nuclear power for generating its electricity. France, however, has a drastically higher dependence on this type of energy source due to its economic practicality, relying on it to meet 80% of its electricity demand (Mufson). Other countries like France include: Lithuania, Slovakia, and Belgium... ...r. 2012. Adamantiades, A., and I. Kessides. "Nuclear Power for Sustainable Development: Current Status and Future Prospects." Energy Policy (2009). ScienceDirect. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. Connor, Steve. "Nuclear Power? Yes Please..." The Independent. The Independent, 23 Feb. 2009. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. Corradini, Michael. "Nuclear Energy." World Book Student. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. Mufson, Steven. "Nuclear Power Primed for Comeback." The Washington Post. The Washington Post, 8 Oct. 2007. Web. 3 Apr. 2012. Niiler, Eric. "Is Thorium the Future of Nuclear Power?" MSNBC.com. MSNBC, 07 Oct. 2011. Web. 04 May 2012. Reiss, Spencer. "Face It. Nukes Are the Most Climate-Friendly Industrial-Scale Form of Energy." Wired Magazine. Condà © Naste, 19 May 2008. Web. 3 Apr. 2012. "World Energy Needs and Nuclear Power." World-Nuclear.org. World Nuclear Association, Dec. 2011. Web. 5 Apr. 2012. Nuclear Power Essay -- Energy Nuclear power is a technology that has enormous benefits for humankind. As the demand for energy is only continuing to grow, it has become important to develop energy technology that has good yield and minimal negative side effects. After the harnessing of the atom for use in nuclear weapons, the knowledge of how to exploit the atom became incorporated in nuclear power plants (Corradini 1). These use uranium fuel in a process that releases tremendous amounts of energy to be captured, but also that creates minimal waste and other byproducts. Despite these, the benefits of nuclear energy outweigh any disadvantages, as seen by its high energy output, reliability, and minimal environmental impact when compared to energy sources such as fossil fuels. Due in large part to its high energy output, nuclear power is a feasible and practical technology for meeting the world’s energy needs. For example, global energy demand has been continually increasing, with a 66% growth between 1980 and 2007; this demand is expected to increase by 40% by 2030 (World-Nuclear.org). As a testament to nuclear power’s utility as an energy source, it currently provides a large amount of global electricity: nuclear power met 20% of the global demand of electricity as of 2008 (Abu-Khader). This power generation is spread across 30 countries and is a result of 436 nuclear power plants (Adamantiades). The 20% figure also represents the United States’ dependence on nuclear power for generating its electricity. France, however, has a drastically higher dependence on this type of energy source due to its economic practicality, relying on it to meet 80% of its electricity demand (Mufson). Other countries like France include: Lithuania, Slovakia, and Belgium... ...r. 2012. Adamantiades, A., and I. Kessides. "Nuclear Power for Sustainable Development: Current Status and Future Prospects." Energy Policy (2009). ScienceDirect. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. Connor, Steve. "Nuclear Power? Yes Please..." The Independent. The Independent, 23 Feb. 2009. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. Corradini, Michael. "Nuclear Energy." World Book Student. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. Mufson, Steven. "Nuclear Power Primed for Comeback." The Washington Post. The Washington Post, 8 Oct. 2007. Web. 3 Apr. 2012. Niiler, Eric. "Is Thorium the Future of Nuclear Power?" MSNBC.com. MSNBC, 07 Oct. 2011. Web. 04 May 2012. Reiss, Spencer. "Face It. Nukes Are the Most Climate-Friendly Industrial-Scale Form of Energy." Wired Magazine. Condà © Naste, 19 May 2008. Web. 3 Apr. 2012. "World Energy Needs and Nuclear Power." World-Nuclear.org. World Nuclear Association, Dec. 2011. Web. 5 Apr. 2012.

Identifying Gifted And Talented Children Education Essay

The term gifted and talented is surrounded with a great trade of contention, and is presently under reappraisal by the Coalition Government. A huge sum of research has been undertaken over the last 10 old ages, into the long-run, emotional effects of labelling a kid, and the practician ‘s function in placing a kid and distinguishing the course of study. Directgov ( 2010 ) , presently defines ‘gifted ‘ as one who excels in academic topics such as maths and English, and ‘talented ‘ as those who possess accomplishments in practical countries such as athletics and music. Pound ( 2008 ) , discusses how Gardner ‘s theory revolves about eight intelligences. Gardner believes that each person possesses his or her ain alone combination of intelligences, which he calls ‘multiple intelligences ‘ , which can be enhanced and enriched in an environment which provides stimulating and ambitious activities. Teaching, through Gardner ‘s theory enables the practician to convey out a talented and talented kid ‘s advanced natural endowments, in a ambitious manner. ( Conklin 2007 ) Gardner ‘s ‘multiple intelligence ‘ theory and the Early Years Foundation Stage ( EYFS ) , are reciprocally supportive. Both emphasise individualism and singularity. The DCSF ( 2008 ) , asserts that every country of development is every bit of import, and that no kid should confront favoritism. The DCSF ( 2008 ) besides explains that the early acquisition ends give practicians scope to place and be after for all kids across the developmental continuum. It follows that practicians must place kids ‘s demands and construct on their strengths. Freeman ( 1991 ) advocates that the kid who is every bit ‘bright as a button ‘ , and maintains their enthusiasm for acquisition is more likely to do a positive part to society. The EYFS has been condemned by the Open Eye Campaign ( 2007 ) who claim that it is ‘overly normative and potentially harmful to development, ‘ and that many of its ends are ‘developmentally inappropriate ‘ . In comparing to the EYFS the Key Stage One is more academically biased. The Office for Standards in Education ( Ofsted ) ( 2007 ) , reported that two tierces of Year One instructors did non utilize the information gained from the EYFS to inform pattern and planning. Consequently, many ‘talented ‘ kids may be over looked. Palaiologou ( 2010 ) , discusses Gardner ‘s position that instruction should be less academically driven and his ‘five heads ‘ theory. This focuses on an person ‘s ability to screen utile and relevant information in any given state of affairs, how to believe ‘outside of the box ‘ , and to understand diverseness, citizenship and community relationships in both the immediate and broad environment. He referred to these as ‘modern ‘ twenty-four hours endowments. It is the function of the practician to place and distinguish the course of study to develop talented and gifted persons. Failing to make this could hold a negative impact on the kid. A kid may easy lose involvement and misconduct when presented with unchallenging undertakings. Freeman ( 2009 ) , inquiries how a response category instructor headers with a kid who is working at a higher degree than their equals. She writes that kids should non be left to wait while others ‘catch up ‘ , and believes that this is where ennui begins, this can ensue in a kid withdrawing from larning. Quart ( 2006 ) agrees with this fact and believes that there should be more support available to develop practicians in the appraisal of and learning techniques for gifted and talented students. Freeman ( 2010a ) states that successful and happy kids need consistent. Freeman ‘s research revealed that discovered that kids who were identified as talented and talented in one school would in fac t be below norm in another. Often practitioners erroneously identified a kid as talented and talented. She subsequently states that through analysis of collected information she discovered that labelling kids as gifted and talented makes a negative ‘difference ‘ to their sense of ego, ensuing in low self-pride. Childs who were labelled by parents suffered more emotional jobs than their every bit gifted but unlabeled equals. James ( 2007 ) , draws our attending to the fact that many parents may be commanding and demanding, claiming that the kid becomes fixated with carry throughing parental ends in an effort to understate struggle. He explains that high accomplishment is frequently a effect of over parental pressurisation in childhood that frequently leads to self-criticism and depression in ulterior old ages. Quart ( 2006 ) , supports this position and concludes that parents and pedagogues should forbear from forcing kids to win. She issues a prophylactic warning that the force per unit area placed on the gifted and talented can take to emotional declinations of being deprived of a childhood. For some who were placed on, a ‘pedestal ‘ signifier an early age range maturity and realize they are no longer rather so particular. Freeman ( 2010b ) , leads us to believe that the media is merely interested when things go incorrect, and in fact many gifted and gifted kids go on to take happy ordinary lives. She states that parents should back up and steer kids without forcing them to win and love should be unconditioned and non reliant on accomplishment. To reason, Gardner ‘s theories offer practitioners a theoretical account for supplying a rich and ambitious environment for all kids, including those who are gifted and talented. Practitioners need comprehensive preparation to guarantee that be aftering for larning provides challenges to vouch kids are challenged and stretched, non, bored and pushed. It besides Emotional troubles are more likely to happen when a kid is labelled talented and talented. Therefore, parents and educational practicians should take to guarantee that an identified gifted and talented kid grows into a happy, all-around grownup. More coaction is needed between Foundation and Key Stage One. In fact, it would be good to kids if the EYFS were continued in Year One. Through this research, a greater penetration into the term gifted and talented has been obtained. It offered differing positions on the topic, and the decision reached was that there is really a topographic point in society for the talented and t alented, nevertheless, designation and instruction should be undertaken with attention and sensitiveness. In the words of Benjamin Franklin, Hide non your endowments. They for usage were made. What ‘s a sundial in the shadiness? Franklin ( 1706 – 1790 )

Persian policy essays

Persian policy essays The Persians use a divide an conquer method to control the Greeks which comes about accidently. The satraps play a role in the method of dividing the Greek due to conflicts with one another. With the Persians assistance the Spartans are able to raise a navy and finally claim victory over the Athenians. As the Spartan power increase the Persians continues to keep the Greeks weak by funding and encourage conflicts between the Greeks. Pharnabazu supported the Spartans. (1.1.6) Tissaphernes supports the Athenians and would play both sides mostly due to advice from Alcibiades. Tissaphernes would only act openly against the Athenians when forced by the Persian King. (1.1.9) Pharnabazus had actively participated in Spartans aide by giving clothing, food, and weapons. (1.124) Tissaphernes had plotted with Pasippidas to organize a revolt. (1.1.32) for which Pasippidas was exiled from Sparta. With the Satraps spliting the funds between Sparta and Athens the war was not making any progress for either side. Due to the continued conflict of policy with Tissaphernes and Pharnabazu, King Darius sent Cyrus to take command and to help the Spartans. (1.4.3) T he Persian King by sending Cyrus to Sparta now made a clear decision to take Sparta's side. Cyrus paid the Spartan salary and increased their wage. He hoped with the increased pay the Athenians crews would come over to the Spartans. (1.5.2-7) The Athenians attempts to see Cyrus by using Tissaphernes. Tissaphernes tried to pursade Cyrus to see the ambassadors. He did this in hopes of keeping the Greek states weak by continued fighting with each other. (1.5.8-9) Tissaphernes command was returned to him after Cyrus death because the King found him valuable. (3.1.3) The cities in Ionia refused to submit to the Persian King. Dercylidas was able to pursade Tissahernes to come to the Greeks side annonamously so Dercylidas marched into Pharnabazus territority. (3.1.9) Tissaphernes was sup...

Producing a unique critical essay

Producing a unique critical essay Critical essay If you are assigned to write a critical essay, you will need to analyze a work of another author. It may be a scientific project, literary composition, or any another work. It is very important to know how to make a review properly. Thus, you will be able to produce an outstanding paper. It is of great importance to express your point of view on the explored subject clearly. When analyzing a particular issue, you need to consider it from different angles. Therefore, in order to produce an original critical lens essay, you need to examine the subject objectively. Furthermore, you should support the discussed ideas by providing compelling arguments. If you want to be sure of covering the topic fully, choose the one that you are interested in. In addition, you should not write your work in the first person singular. The point is that you need to research the issue thoroughly and not only to present your personal opinion about it. Attract Readers Attention Note that you should produce a fantastic critical analysis essay. The point is that not everyone is aware of the analyzed composition. Therefore, when reading your review, users will decide whether the discussed work is worth their attention or not. You should start with creating a catchy title. It should interest readers in your paper. Note that it should illustrate the central point of the work. If you choose an efficient method of discussing the problem, your piece of writing will be read from cover to cover. What is a critical essay without powerful evidence? It will not be considered a thorough review. Thus, you need to present inescapable facts to develop your ideas. One more way to make your work appealing is to compare the expressed viewpoint with a few opposing ones. It will make your paper reasonable. Effective Approach In order to write detailed review, you need to analyze the topic thoroughly. In this case, you should apply your analytical skills. If you are good at the examined subject, you will not experience any difficulties with exploring it. Thus, you should focus on the main idea and discuss it. It is unnecessary to cover a few points at once. It may confuse readers and will not let you describe the issue properly. In order to understand how to write a critical essay in the right way, take a look at the following example: When writing an academic work in Statistics, you need to provide hard data. In addition, you should make all calculations applying to proper formulas. Arguments should be closely related to the topic. Avoid introducing new facts. Mind the Writing Style In order to write a paper of superior quality, you need to use effective writing methods and provide strong arguments. For instance, when producing a coursework in English, you need to analyze different techniques of expressing opinion on the examined issues. When preparing your critical essay, you may analyze the work of a particular author by presenting viewpoints of other scholars on it. It is important to gather relevant material on the topic to provide readers with detailed description. Thus, you may use quotes, draw tables, cite examples, etc.

Juvenile Offenders Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Juvenile Offenders - Term Paper Example Third, majority of the juvenile offenders have a traumatic history which not only questions their mental health but also the efficiency of social institutions such as schools, high schools, hospitals, family and others to ensure proper development of children. Fourth, European Convention of Human Rights, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations Convention on Rights of the Child and other international charters and conventions clearly state about the right of every person to live and the fact that children can not receive capital punishments. Fifth, the public opinion is supports the stance of this paper. Sixth, capital punishment evades the chance of any individual to prove him or her innocent in future in light of any new developments or evidence. Introduction This paper is an attempt to explore the controversial, serious, and debatable issue about juvenile offenders. The paper discusses the question of legal execution of juvenile offenders who are less than the age of 18 years and have committed a murder. Statement of Problem The paper will take the stance that "Juvenile offenders who commit murder under the age of 18 should not be legally executed". ... First, since the past few years, this issue has been of great attention and debate in the public and expert circles. Second, in light of my personal stance on the topic, I believe that by legal execution of juvenile offenders, the law enforcement agencies are not following but breaking the law and contributing to a crime and it is our responsibility to play our part to stop it. Third, children are the future of any nation and if they are committing such actions then this is a wake up call for all authorities and with the help of this paper, I put emphasis on the fact that it is time for them to sit down and reexamine the entire system and the root cause of the same. Discussion One of most important arguments in opposition of juveniles facing legal execution is the fact that studies have shown that children under the ages of 18 are still in their developmental stages. During this age, juveniles are still immature and they fail to understand the full weight and consequences of their de cision (Siegel & Welsh, 2008). Furthermore, children are more vulnerable to peer-pressure and are more likely to engage in risky behaviors. Since they are developmentally different from adults, they fail to control their temptations and impulses, which make it morally incorrect to treat them as adults or blame them for their actions in the same way as adults (Hesse, Lawrence & Hesse, 2009). That is also the reason why 18 years is the minimum age for every big step in life. There are many countries in the world, which do not allow marriage before the age of 18; in fact, some countries and states extend the same to the limit to the age of 21 (Boesky & American Correctional Association, 2002). Moreover, 18 years is also the minimum age for voting, entering into a

Money and Banking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Money and Banking - Assignment Example The capital asset pricing model functions on the assumption that all the involved stocks in the investment portfolio are risk-averse. The investors who apply the model in the determination of stock portfolio are price takers. Stock price can never be predicted with certainty because of the volatility of the economic environment. Additionally, the prices of different companies are independent of each other. The economic dynamism does not favor all stock. This explains that the ‘hot’ stock tips are not valuable. During a financial crisis, there is a liquidity problem. The problem requires the acquisition of sufficient funds to resolve the crisis. The repurchase of the shares of the commercial banks is not prudent. An increase in the return on equity reflects the high performance of a bank. Good performance indicates that the senior executives are running the bank in an efficient and effective manner. The return on equity indicates the marginal return of the use of the shareholders holding in the bank. The market conditions do not favor only specific performer. The market is usually dynamic given the fact that the market players face unsystematic risks in the course of their operations. This makes different firms emerge winners in different